Statistik didefinisikan sebagai suatu subjek yang menyediakan suatu prinsip dan metodologi dalam mendesain suatu proses pengumpulan data, merangkum dan mmenginterpretasi data, serta menarik kesimpulan atau genaralisasi (Jhonson & Bhattacharyya, 2010). Stasistik Inferensial adalah langkah-langkah yang digunakan untuk mengkaji, meramalkan dan menarik kesimpulan berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari sebagian data atau sampel untuk menggambarkan karakteristik atau ciri dari suatu populasi.
Mengenal Jenis Statistik Inferensial
Statistik Inferensial Parametriks merupakan uji statistik yang melibatkan asumsi tentang, atau estimasi, parameter populasi (Howell, 2011).
Statistik Inferensial Non Parametriks merupakan suatu uji statistik yang tidak bergantung pada estimasi parameter atau asumsi distribusi yang tepat. Statistik nonparametrik sering disebut juga sebagai statistik bebas sebaran (distribution free) (Howell, 2011).
Perbedaan Statistika Inferensial Parametriks dan Nonparametriks
Faktor Pembeda
Statistik Inferensial Parametriks
Statistik Inferensial Nonparametriks
Cara Observasi
Independent
Dependent
Distribusi
Normal
Tidak Normal
Tipe Data
Kuantitatif
Kualitatif
Skala Pengukuran
Interval dan rasio
Nominal dan Ordinal
Ukuran Kemencengan
Tidak Menceng / menceng sedikit
Sangat Menceng
Landasan Pengkuran Data
Nilai ( Magnitude)
Jarak (Range) / Tanda (Sign) / Urutan (Rank)
Populasi
Mempunyai Varian yang sama
Tidak Mempunyai Varian yang sama
Jumlah Sampel
Besar (n ≥ 30 atau n ≥ 80)
Kecil (n ≤ 30 atau n ≤ 80)
sumber : (Sunjoyo, 2007)
Rujukan Bacaan
Howell, D. (2011). Fundamental Statistics for the Behavioral Science, 7th Edition. Belmont: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
Jhonson, R., & Bhattacharyya, G. (2010). STATISTIC Principles & Methods 6th Edition. Hoboken: Jhon Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sunjoyo, d. (2007). Modul Statistika II : Penggunaan Alat Uji Statistika dalam Pengambilan Keputusan dengan Software SPSS. Bandung: Universitas Kristen Maranatha.
The purposse of practicum are to developed our teaching skills and pedagogy, improved english skill, gain a broader regional and world view and prepared be a good teacher inthe future. I learned a lot from my mentor, coordinator, the students, my friends, my buddies, and Thai people.
Now, I know how to teaching science with the modern style and can made the student easier to understand about the lesson, how to manage the class and manage the time, and prepared me be a better to start my journey became the international teacher after i have done my internship program. I have learned and appreciated the different religious and culture during the exchange.
Procedures of practicum
This program held for a month. I had a lot experiences and activities during this program. First week were orientation and observation. We observed the school and our mentor teaching in the class. Second week were made a lesson plan based on curriculum and school syllabus and teaching assistant, we help our mentor and coorperating with the students in class. Third week was teaching practice. Last week were teaching practice, evaluation and reflection. In our free day or weekend our coordinator also take us for traveling and look around the city.
Outcomes of practicum
This program help me to improved myself. I got more experiences from this program and here were things that i felt improve :
My english skill has improved. After i joined with
this program, i can speak english without thinking too much
Be more confident. Before i joined with this program
it is to hard for me to spoke english in front of the people, but now, i can
handle this and became more confident.
Time management. I became more discipline and
respectful of the time and always tried to come on time.
Classroom management. I can manage the large class
and my mentor help me how to handle it.
Be organized. I keep everythings organized and tidy.
The challenges of practicum
The challenge for me were when teaching science especially for physics in english which is not my mother tongue. How to make the students understood easier about the lesson.
Overall information
I really enjoy this program. There are a lot of experiences, knowledge, relations help me improve my teaching skill and english skill. Thai people are so kind and greet us harmly, every time we met student’s they always give us “wai”
Suggestion for future improvement
Suggestion for future improvement, i hope this program can held for long time not only a month, because this program is very important to help the students teacher to explore them self and open their mind about be a international teacher. I just can say thank you to SEAMEO to who provided this exchange program, CRRU as my receiving university, CRMS 6 (tessaban 6) as my practicum school and give me a lot of experiences and knowledge there, and my beloved university, UNIB who give me the opportunity to me. Last but not least to all of my friends in this program that keep urge me and support me.
Teaching method used by
the teacher depend on the teacher themselves what method that want to use and
depend the topic what their will teach. In science, the teacher always change
their method every meeting. I love the way how he’s teaching in the class. He
used some interactive media to teach the student and make the students feel fun
and give attention to him.
Science has two periiod every meeting and the teacher always give 5 minutes to the students for toilet break after he finished the first period and after that he give a little motivation to start the second period. Sometimes, for the second period he play a games with the students about what he lesson in the first period. So, he can know the students understand or not about the lesson of the day.
Their Learning Materials And Innovation
Learning materials that mostly used are powerpoint, worksheet, marker, and some media to support the learning process. Sometimes, the teacher used quiznetic, plicker, simulationby phet and animation to make students understand the concept. After play the games with the students, the teacher give a chance to all of the students who want get plus score bt asking some question about the lesson if they don’t understand the lesson of rhe day and give a minus score if their make a noisy in class. Because, the teacher used class dojo to control the daily activities of the students in the class.
field study about ecosystem
Sources Of Learning And Technology Used By The Teachers
The main source of the learning process that teacher used are textbooks ( Focus SMART and Science for Mathayomsuksa) and internet. The teacher always used technology every learning and make the students fun and enjoy during the learning process. The teacher used class dojo for monitoring the students and some application to support the learning process, for example quiznetic, classroom screen, pliker, etc.
Authentic Assesment Used By The Teachers
In science, an authentic assesment that used by teacher are based on quizzes, worksheets score that worked by group or individual, field study, presentation, students score in class dojo, mid-term, end-term semester test. For correction the students answer, the student used zipgrade for help him.
The method that i used are cooperative learning and problem solving. I used powerpoint and videos as media for teaching. Then, worksheet and test about the lesson as my evaluation.
First of all, i came to the classroom and the students say greeting to the teacher warmly. I prepared the things for the learning. I asked to the students about their condition of the day, they felt happy or not?, sick or not?, and asked who is the absent today?. After that i told them the topic what we will learn today. I give the stimulation to make the student think about the lesson and tell them what the relations it in their life. I told them about the main topic, and then I diveded the students to a group and give them a worksheet that i prepared before i teach. I asked to the students if there’s any question. If there’s no question i will asked to them for make sure their understood about the topic of the day. For the last i announced if next week we will do the test.
Time Management And Organizing Activities
my schedule of teaching
Science has 2 period per meeting. One period are 50 minutes. I and my mentor divided the period on a meeting, so i teach one period and my mentor teach one period. For the first period my mentor teaching and the second period it’s my time to teaching. So, i just managed 50 minutes per meeting, and i divided the time to 5 minutes for give motivation, 20 minutes to tell them about the main topic, 20 minutes for them do their worksheet and 5 minutes for reflectio, but the time can be flexible. As a teacher time management are very important to achieve learning objectivies, make the students felt confortable and get new knowledge from our lesson. I used the simple vocabulary for deliver the material briefly. Sometimes i asked to the students how to say the keyword of the lesson on their language, it’s can help them to understand easier about the lesson.
Problem Solving
Sometimes, the lesson plan didn’t work well and as a teacher we
should have an improvitation on how to solve this problem when it came. So, if
its happen we should prepared the second plan or the plan B. Because one day maybe you will get
experiences like me when you teach in expert class (smart students) or you
teach on noisy class. If i teach the expert class i just needed time less than
20 minutes to finish my learning proper and all of the objectivities learning
done. So, i have 30 minutes more in the class and i can use this time for
remembering the lesson, play a games based the lesson. Because expert class
give their attention very well, they respect with the teacher and i give plus
point to all of the students in expert class because they can keep quite when
learning process. But, it’s totally different when i teach the noisy class 50
minutes its not enough to finish the learning proper. So, icut the worksheet
and i just deliver the knowledge based the powerpopint and book, and some
exercise.
Misbehaviors that causes a noisy in class and that’s one of the
problem that should be solved. They talk with their firends, played and did
another work in the classroom, did not listen to the teacher’s intruction are
misbehaviors that i have seen in the classroom. I know maybe they are hungry
and tired. So, i say to them “if you can quite and can understand about the
lesson and you can answer my question i will give you 5 minutes earlier to went
to canteen.
Different language is not a big problem. But, sometimes there’s a misconception between me and the students. So, i learn a litlel about their language to made their can get point about the lesson, and i call the smart student to tell about the lesson to their friends with their language.
make a group to make their active on learning process
Classroom Management
To made learning
process effective and efficient, to get all ofthe learning objectivities, as a
teacher we would have a classroom management skills. There might be something
happen suddenly, meet a students that are uncontrollable, slow learner and fasr
learner. We would find a quick solution to manage all of it and get all of the
learning objectivities. I will give some TIPS how to manage your classroom
based on my experiences.
Get prepared. Make sure all of material, media, and ect are ready to use. Don’t stick too much on your lesson plan. Lesson plan just be guide on your learning process you must improve your teaching skill, but keep on your lesson plan.
Get classroom rules. Make deal withi the students before you began your class. For example, you and your students deal if they can quite and understand about the lesson and they can answer your question you will give them 5 minutes earlier to end your class, If they make a noisy you will give them minus 5 on class dojo, and etc.
Keep your attention to the students. If you want your students keep attention to you, you must keep your attention to them first. You can walk around and make a interact with the students, make them friendly to you. The important is don’t forget to give them appreciate, you can give applause to them, say good, smart, excellent, and ect.
Make a littel icebreaking. Sometimes students can feel bored because they always learn and just get a little time to break, so as a teacher you must make the students to keep their spirit on learning. You can make a little games, a joke, or you can do brain gym.
Before began teaching, as students teacher, we should created a lesson plan to make us well-organized and we known what we’re going to do in the class or in another name lesson plan can be guide us for teaching. My tutor gave me a chance to teach all grade (level). The topic that i took to teach in Mathayom 1 is motion (vector and scalar, displacement and distance). Mathayom 2 is force and motion (motion and resultant force) and for Mathayom 3 is force and motion (acceleration, Newton’s second law of motion, weight).
The teacher gave me a sequance topic at all level, so it will make it easy to made a lesson plan. I made a lesson plan based on curriculum that my mentor gave, Thai Basic Education Core Curriculum B.E. 2551 which started in 2008.
After i read and understand the curriculum, i can make a conclusion for format to made a lesson plan. The format is :
Chiang Rai Municipality School 6 (Nakorn Chiang Rai) or you can say it with Tessaban 6 has a one of school in chiang rai with grade Secondary School. This school located at Amphoe Mueang Chiang Rai, No. 421 Moo 6, Rim Kok Subdistrict Chang wat, District Chiang Rai, pos code 57100, Thailand. This School has near with the Mae Fah Luang- Chiang Rai International Airport (maybe around 2 km from the airport).
logo of Tessaban 6
CRMS 6 have 2 grade of secondary school that is Lower Secondary School (Junior High School) and Upper Secondary School (Senior High School). This school have 2 side of the school and and facing each other and have a bridge as a connector of a school. This School have a vision is The Leading School in The Country. Strive to develop the students to be leaders, virtues, discipline, and academic exellence. The Mission of the school is to encourage and improve the quality learners, participatory management, promote and develop teacher quality, have loyalty to the monarchy promote and develop education quality.
i will tell you about Academic Support System on CRMS 6 especially for grade of Lower Secondary School. For Lower Secondary School have 7 building there are English Program, Science and Math, Library, Gymnasium, Labolatory, and another building such as cafetaria, chinese center, ect.
inside of classroom they have a long whiteboard, a projector, a screen projector, and another facilities to support learning activities. The classroom is comfortable, because they put the air conditioner for made the classroom felt cold, on the backside they have a long board for the information about their classroom or announcement about activities of the school, they made the information board look so beatifull based their creativity. The class is enough and comfortable for around 35 students and a LS assistant Teacher.
if the students want go to inside of the classroom they must taken off their shoes and put them in front of the classroom. Along the school, the students can’t use their mobile phone so they must collect their mobile phone to LS and take it back after school end. CRMS 6 have a program to support zero waste at the school so the students and the teachers bring their own bottle and the school provided water refill. And than, when the students bought some food or beverages at the cafetaria, the seller put them in a bowl or glass.
Teaching System
CRMS 6 held their learning day for 5 days from monday to friday. Students should came to school at 7.30 am, and held the flag ceremony at 8.00 am. the lesson will be begin at 8.30 am till 4.00 pm and they just have break time on 11.50 am – 12.40 pm.
in lower secondary school they have 2 programs there are english program and Scince-Math Program. At upper secondary school they have 4 programs there are Science – Math, Math – English, Medical Studies and Health Science, Engineering and Tecnology Science Program.
Every class has space for LS Assistant Teacher that always stays in the class with a student. They are a graduate student teacher and their job is checking the student’s attendance, make a report of the activities from the students to their parents, be a connector between students and parents, taking care of all the students, and help the students to study and even translating
Materials and Other Learning Sources
The students in English Program will learn with foreign teachers and thai teachers. Science is one of subject that they’re learning with both of them but of course in a different period. So, they use different book for learn between the foreign and thai teacher. Besides the book, the teacher uses the other reference to support learning materials.
MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION SYSTEM
In CRMS 6, evaluation system is a mid-term and end-term semester test. Every teacher has theis own evaluation. For Science, the students also get score from their quiz, worksheet, workgroup and plus point if they can answer the direct question when the learning process. But officially, the students will be evaluated twice each semester for every subject.
CURRICULUM
CRMS 6 used Thai Basic Education Core Curriculum B.E 2551 for the curriculum in teaching and learning process. The basic education core curicullum is aimedat enhancing the capacity of all learners, who constitute the major force of the country, so as to attain balanced development in all respects-physical strenght, knowladge, and morality.
The teachers in CRMS 6 make a lesson plan isn’t a n obligation. But, for the students teacher make a lesson plan is the way to be a professional teacher. i make a lesson plan based for my mentor shown to me just 2-3 pages for a meeting.
I can say this life just a symbol B,C, and D. Because our life start from B it’s mean Born and will be end on D it’s mean Dead. But between B and D we have C it’s mean Choice. So, if you want your life will be better it’s mean you must do anything to make your life to be better, because it’s your choice.
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